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Mathematics

Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 66 min read
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Summary (TL;DR)
Mathematics studies abstract concepts like numbers, shapes, and sets using logical reasoning and proof. It covers areas such as number theory, geometry, algebra, calculus, discrete mathematics, and mathematical logic. Originating in ancient civilizations, mathematics evolved through Greek rigor, Islamic algebra, and modern axiomatic methods. It is essential in science, engineering, and technology, with applications often arising unexpectedly. Mathematics is both pure (developed for its own sake) and applied, and its relationship with reality sparks philosophical debate. It requires rigorous proof, and discoveries continue to expand, with over 60 first-level areas today.