Non-governmental organization

An NGO is a non-profit, voluntary group independent of government, though it may receive government funding. The term was first used in the 1945 UN Charter. NGOs are classified by orientation (e.g., human rights, environment) and level of operation (local to international). They act as implementers, catalysts, and advocates, working on projects or policy change. Funding comes from donations, grants, and governments. Criticisms include serving donor interests, undermining local systems, and being tools of imperialism. Legitimacy and accountability are key challenges. NGOs have grown rapidly since the 1980s.