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SOLID

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Summary (TL;DR)
SOLID is a mnemonic acronym for five design principles in object-oriented programming: Single Responsibility (each class has one reason to change), Open-Closed (open for extension, closed for modification), Liskov Substitution (subclasses must be usable where base classes are used), Interface Segregation (clients shouldn't depend on methods they don't use), and Dependency Inversion (depend on abstractions, not concretions). Introduced by Robert C. Martin in 2000, the acronym was coined by Michael Feathers around 2004. These principles improve maintainability, flexibility, testability, and reduce code rot.