Summary (TL;DR)
Branching in version control duplicates objects like source code files, allowing parallel modifications. Branches are also called trees, streams, or codelines. The trunk (mainline) is the base branch; HEAD refers to the latest commit. Branches can be merged back later, while unmerged branches are forks. Branching enables parallel development, isolation of changes, and vendor branching. Development branches contain unreleased versions. Distributed systems like Git allow cloning entire repositories. CVSNT uses shadow branches to mirror upstream changes. Git's default branch was renamed from master to main after George Floyd's murder.
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